x

ProfileSearch

Provider

Sedigheh Farzi

Sedigheh Farzi , PhD

Associate Professor


  Google Scholar

  Orcid

  Isid

  Pubmed

  Scopus

School :

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Department :

Department of Adult Health Nursing

Research Center :

Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center

work address :

Adult Health Nursing Dep.,Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery (http://nm.mui.ac.ir),
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (http://www.mui.ac.ir),
Isfahan IRAN.
Tel:+98 31 37927589

Education :

Ph.D.Nursing Education.Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, IRAN (2014-2017) M.Sc.Nursing (Medical Surgical  Nursing), Islamic Azad University of Isfahan(Khorasgan) Branch , Isfahan, IRAN  (2010-2012) B.Sc, Nursing.Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad, IRAN (1999-2003)

Relevant Work Experience :

My research is focused on ‘Patient Safety’. Patient safety is a priority for healthcare organizations across the world and it is a key step in providing a good quality of care. Patient safety is the prevention and reduction of adverse events or injuries arising from the processes of healthcare. My patient safety research is mainly on medication safety,medication error and  safety culture. Also, I do research about clinical nursing education and strategies for improvement it.

Professional Memberships & Qualification :

Selected country student, Ministry of Health, Treatment and Training Medical Sciences (IRAN) in 2018.

Extra Curricular Activities/ Interest(personal url) :

Grants & Awards :

Patents :

Presentations & Poster Sessions :

Research Experience :

  1. Ghasemi H, Omranifard M, Bahrami M, Moghimian M, Farzi S. Challenges in burn care management: a qualitative study of health professionals’ and patients’ perspectives. Scientific Reports. 2025 Sep 29;15(1):33401.

 

  1. Gheisari F, Farzi S, Tarrahi MJ, Momeni-Ghaleghasemi T, Farzi S, Nazari F, Riahi RT. The effect of an ISBAR-based clinical supervision model during handover on clinical decision-making and self-efficacy of nursing internship students: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Medical Education. 2025 May 31;25(1):815.

 

 

  1. Shahzeydi A, Farzi S, Rezazadeh M, Tarrahi MJ, Farzi S, Hosseini SA. Comparison of the effects of medication error encouragement training and low-fidelity simulation on the medication safety competence and knowledge of nursing students: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Education Today. 2025 Jun 1;149:106676.

 

  1. Vaezi A, Farzi S, Taleghani F, Haghjooy Javanmard S. A qualitative report on the experiences of physicians during the pandemic of COVID-19. Scientific Reports. 2025 May 6;15(1):15728.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Najari E. Challenges of home care in patients with burn: Experiences of patients, family caregivers and healthcare providers. Nursing and Midwifery Studies. 2024 Jan 1;13(1):56-63.

 

  1. Shahzeydi A, Farzi S, Rezazadeh M, Tarrahi MJ, Farzi S, Hosseini SA. Comparison of the effects of medication error encouragement training and problem-based scenario on the medication safety competence and knowledge of nursing students: A quasi-experimental study. Nurse Education in Practice. 2024 Nov 1;81:104171.

 

  1. Gheisari F, Farzi S, Tarrahi MJ, Momeni-Ghaleghasemi T. The effect of clinical supervision model on nurses’ self-efficacy and communication skills in the handover process of medical and surgical wards: an experimental study. Bmc Nursing. 2024 Sep 20;23(1):672.

 

  1. Tarrahi MJ, Farzi S, Farzi K, Shahzeydi A, Saraeian S, Moladoost A, Pebdeni AS. Medication safety climate from the perspectives of healthcare providers: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2023 Jun 1;12(1):195.

 

  1. Shahzeydi A, Farzi S, Tarrahi MJ, Babaei S, Babaei S. The effect of clinical supervision model on nursing interns medication safety competence and knowledge: a clinical trial. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2023 Jan 1;12(4):190-6.

 

  1. Farzi S, Taleghani F, Farzi S, Ashouri E. Cancer nurses’ perspective of error disclosure from nurses to patients: A qualitative descriptive study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2023 Jun 10:102371.

 

  1. Shahzeydi A, Taleghani F, Moghimian M, Farzi S, Yazdannik A, Farzi K. Exploring nursing faculty, managers, newly graduated nurses, and students’ experiences of nursing internship program implementation in Iran: a descriptive qualitative study. BMC nursing. 2022 Dec 27;21(1):371.

 

  1. Ehsani M, Farzi S, Farzi F, Babaei S, Heidari Z, Mohammadi F. Nursing students and faculty perception of academic incivility: A descriptive qualitative study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2023;12.

 

 

  1. Alaei A, Babaei S, Farzi S, Hadian Z. Effectiveness of A Supportive-Educational Program based on COPE Model on Resilience among Family Caregivers of Patients with Heart Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2023 May 10;33(220):43-53.

 

  1. Moghimian M, Farzi S, Abbaszadeh A, Shahzeydi A, Farzi F, Musarezaie A. Exploring nursing students’ and faculty members’ perspective on incivility in the online learning environment: a descriptive qualitative study. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Science. 2023 Jun 1.

 

  1. Babaei S, Taleghani F, Farzi S. Components of Compassionate Care in Nurses Working in the Cardiac Wards: A Descriptive Qualitative Study. Journal of Caring Sciences. 2022 Oct;11(4):239.

 

 

  1. Moghimian M, Farzi K, Farzi S, Moladoost A, Safiri S. Exploring the experiences of nurses and physicians infected with COVID-19. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2022;11.

 

  1. Najafi H, Farzi S, Tarrahi MJ, Babaei S. Assessment of medication administration of nurses in medical cardiac wards and its relationship with some demographic characteristics: An observational study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2022;11.

 

 

  1. Alidousti-Shahraki N, Farzi S, Tarrahi MJ. Psychometric properties of the persian version of the health professionals education in patient safety survey. Nursing and Midwifery Studies. 2022 Jan 1;11(1):51-61.

 

  1. Tamizifar B, Ehsani M, Farzi S, Adibi P, Taleghani F, Farzi S, Shahriari M, Moladoost A. Development of a Patient Decision Aid to Help People Living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases. 2022 Jan;14(1):57.

 

 

  1. Alidousti-Shahraki N, Farzi S, Tarrahi MJ. Patient Safety Competencies among Senior Students of Health Professions: An Iranian Evaluation Study. The Open Nursing Journal. 2022 Jun 14;16(1).

 

  1. Moghimian M, Farzi S, Farzi K, Tarrahi MJ, Ghasemi H, Jafari F, Bighamian S. Patient Safety Culture in Burn Care Units from the Perspectives of Healthcare Providers: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Burn Care & Research. 2022 Jul 1;43(4):841-5.

  2. Taleghani F, Ehsani M, Farzi S, Farzi S, Adibi P, Moladoost A, Shahriari M, Tabakhan M. Nutritional challenges of gastric cancer patients from the perspectives of patients, family caregivers, and health professionals: a qualitative study. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2021 Jul;29:3943-50.

 

  1. Mohammadi F, Kohan S, Farzi S, Khosravi M, Heidari Z. The effect of pregnancy training classes based on bandura self-efficacy theory on postpartum depression and anxiety and type of delivery. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2021;10.

 

 

  1. Taleghani F, Ehsani M, Farzi S, Farzi S, Adibi P, Moladoost A, Shahriari M, Tabakhan M. Challenges to family caregivers in caring for gastric cancer patients from perspectives of family caregivers, patients, and healthcare providers: a qualitative study. Indian journal of palliative care. 2021 Oct;27(4):521.

 

  1. Moladoost A, Salehi A, Farzi S, Dehghani A, Razmjoo H, Mohammadi ZS, Farzi S. The effects of an interdisciplinary supportive educational program on anxiety among patients undergoing cataract surgery. Nursing and Midwifery Studies. 2021 Jul 1;10(3):145-50.

 

 

  1. Alimohammadi N, Moghaddasi J, Farzi S. Analytical comparison of the holistic perspectives of Islamic intellectuals and common philosophical approaches in nursing respecting human being. Journal of Multidisciplinary Care. 2021 Dec 30;10(4):168-72.

 

  1. Irajpour A,  Farzi S, Saghaei M, Ravaghi H. Effect of interprofessional education of medication safety program on the medication error of physicians and nurses in the intensive care units. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2019; 8:196.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Moladoost A, Ehsani M, Shahriari M, Moieni M. Caring Burden and Quality of Life of Family Caregivers in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Descriptive-Analytic Study. International journal of community based nursing and midwifery. 2019; 7(2):88-96.

 

  1. Farzi S, Saghaei M, Irajpour A, Ravaghi H. The most frequent and important events that threaten patient safety in intensive care units from the perspective of health-care professionals’. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2018; 23:104.

 

  1. Farzi S, Irajpour A, Saghaei M, Ravaghi H. Causes of Medication Errors in Intensive Care Units from the Perspective of Healthcare Professionals. Journal of research in pharmacy practice. 2017; 6 (3): 158-65.

 

  1. Farzi S, Irajpour A, Saghaei M, Ravaghi H. Weak Professional Interactions as main Cause of Medication Errors in Intensive Care Units in Iran. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2017; 19(11): e14946.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Taheri S, Ehsani M, Moladoost A. Perspective of Nurses toward the Patient Safety Culture in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Iranian Journal of Neonatology. 2017 Dec: 8(4). DOI: 10.22038/ijn.2017.22713.1271.

 

  1. Farzi S, Moladoost A, Bahrami M, Farzi S, Etminani R. Patient safety culture in intensive care units from the perspective of nurses: A cross-sectional study. Iranian J Nursing Midwifery Res 2017; 22:372-6.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Alimohammadi N, Moladoost A. Medication errors by the intensive care units’ nurses and the Preventive Strategies. JAP 2015; 6(2):33-45.

 

  1. Farzi S, Shahriari M, Farzi S. Exploring the challenges of clinical education in nursing and strategies to improve it: a qualitative study”. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2018; 7:115.

 

  1. Namnabati M, Farzi S, Ajoodaniyan N. Care Challenges of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research (IJNR). 2016; 11(4): 35-42.

 

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Yousefii H, Moladoost A, Moieni M. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Nurses Concerning Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Its Relationship with Some Demographic Characteristics. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research (IJNR). 2016; 11(4): 66-70.

 

  1. Moladoost A, Farzi S, Farzi S, Shirazi M. Nurses' Awareness of Medical Waste Management in Teaching Hospitals Affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences at 2014. Iran Journal of Nursing (IJN). 2016; 29(99): 66-75.

 

  1. Farzi S, Abedi H, Ghodosi A, Yazdannik AR. Nurses’ Experiences of Medication Errors. J Qual Res Health Sci 2014; 2(4): 310-9.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Moladoost A. Quality of nursing records and its relationship with some demographic

characteristics of nurses working in intensive care units. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research (IJNR). 2016; 11(2): 24-31.

 

  1. Farzi S, Haghani F, Farzi S. The Challenges of Nursing Procedures Training from the Perspective of Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study. Strides Dev Med Educ. 2016; 12 (5):745-752.

 

  1. Farzi S, Haghani F, Farzi S. The challenges of clinical evaluation and the approaches to improve it from the nursing students’ perspective: A qualitative study. J Educ Ethics Nurs 2016; 5(1):27-33.

 

 

Invited reviews

 

Oral presentations

  1. Farzi s. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Congress. 18-19 April, 2019, Rasht, IRAN.

     

  2. Farzi s. Qualitative research in healthcare. 3rd Annual Congress of Research Day, 15 February, 2017, Isfahan, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi s, Naji A, Abedi H.  Nurses' perceptions of drug errors and related factors. The First Regional Student Conference on Nursing& Midwifery Innovation, 23-24 May, 2012, Isfahan (Khorasgan), IRAN.

     

  2. Farzi S, Farzi S, Moghadasi J, Akbari Kaji M, Foroughi S, Moladoust A, Sohrabi M. Nurses experiences of concealment consequences of drug dependence patients in CCU: A qualitative Study. 8th International Congress on Addiction Science, 10-12 Sep, 2014, Tehran, IRAN.

     

  3. Farzi S, Moladoust A, Farzi S, Farzi K. What the Health System Reform Plan requires to Continue?, International Conference on Sustainable Reform in the Health System, 24-26 February, 2015, Isfahan, IRAN.

     

  4. Farzi S, Farzi S, Moladoust A, Sohrabi M. Emergency Department Challenges from Nurses' Perspectives, 10th Annual Congress of Iranian Emergency Medicine, 21-23 November, 2015,  Tehran, IRAN.

 

 

 

 

Poster presentations

 

 

  1. Farzi s, Farzi F, Sohrabi M, Mehrdadi SH, Tabatabaei M. Exploring the Causes of Violence Against Pediatric Nurses: A Qualitative Study. 14 th Congress of pediatric common Disease and Emergencies.18-22 December, 2018, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi s, Sohrabi M, Farzi Kh, Momeni M. What Do Family Caregivers Say About Violence Against Nurses? 14 th Congress of pediatric common Disease and Emergencies.18-22 December, 2018, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi F, Farzi S, Moladoust A, Sohrabi M. Medication Errors Reporting of Intensive Care Units Nurses in Educational Hospitals of Isfahan (2016) ,Proceeding of the 28th International Congress of Pediatrics, 14th National and 1st International Congress of Pediatric Nursing, 20-23 Oct 2016,Tehran,Iran.

     

  2. Farzi S, Abedi H, Yazdannik AR, Farzi S, Ghodosi A, Moladoust  A . Concealment or medication error reporting? A qualitative Study, 1th International Nursing& Midwifery Conference on Health and Wellbeing, 2014, Isfahan, IRAN.

 

 

  1. Farzi S, Bahrami M, Farzi S, Moladoust A. Caregiver quality of life of women with breast cancer, 1th International Nursing& Midwifery Conference on Health and Wellbeing, 2014, Isfahan, IRAN.

     

  2. Moladoust A, Abedi H, Farzi S, Adelmehraban M, Motaghi M, Farzi S. Self-reporting of staff nursing and waste management, 1th International Nursing& Midwifery Conference on Health and Wellbeing, 2014, Isfahan, IRAN.

     

  3. Farzi S, Moghadasi J, Akbari Kaji M, Soltani Molayaghubi N, Farzi S, Sohrabi M. Student s attitudes about drugs and psychotropic substances, 8th International Congress on Addiction Science,10-12 Sep, 2014,Tehran,IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Moladoust A, Sohrabi M. Challenges facing nurses in caring of drug dependence patients: A qualitative study, 9th International Congress on Addiction Science, 9-11 Sep 2015, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Moladoust A, Farzi S, Moladoust E, Farzi K , Farzi Kh ,Sohrabi M. Survey the causes of drug dependency in patients of addiction treatment centers in Isfahan, 8th International Congress on Addiction Science, 10-12 Sep, 2014, Tehran, IRAN.

 

 

 

  1. Moghadasi J, Soltani Molayaghubi N, Farzi S, Akbari Kaji M, Farzi S, Sohrabi M. Assessment of student s knowledge about drugs and psychotropic substance, 8th International Congress on Addiction Science,10-12 Sep, 2014,Tehran,IRAN.

 

 

  1. Akbari Kaji M, Moghadasi J, Farzi S, Mohammad Nejad E. Use of Ritalin among students, 8th International Congress on Addiction Science,10-12 Sep, 2014,Tehran,IRAN.

 

  1. Moladoust A, Farzi S, Farzi S, Shafiei S, Moladoust E, Farzi K. Educational needs of nurses about principle cardiac rehabilitation, 1th International Congress of Cardiac Rehabilitation, 21-23October, 2014, Isfahan, IRAN.

     

  2. Akbari Kaji M, Moghadasi J, Farzi S, Mohammad Nejad E. Effect of Heart rehabilitation programs on anxiety and depression and fear of dying, 1th International Congress of Cardiac Rehabilitation, 21-23October 2014, Isfahan, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Moladoust A, Sohrabi M. Patient education and promotion of professional nurse's status: a qualitative study, fourth congress and national self-care and patient education festival, December 30 to February 2, 2016, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Moladoust A, Sohrabi M, Tavakol N, Shafiei S. The status of patient education and family caregivers in selfcare programs in patients with type II diabetes in one of the educational centers of Isfahan, the fourth congress and national self-care and patient education festival, December 30 to February 2, 2016, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Heidari J, Sohrabi M, Afshari M. Challenges of Clinical Evaluation from the Perspective of Nursing Students, Congress of Nursing Education Analysis in Iran, Tehran,15-17 December,  2016, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Moladoust A, Sohrabi M, Khodadadi S. Surveying the degree of violence against emergency nurses in one of the educational centers affiliated to the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,10th Annual Congress of Iranian Emergency Medicine, 21-23 November, 2015, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Moladoust A, Farzi S, Farzi S, Farzi F. Strategies for the development and application of complementary medicine in relieving pain from nurses' perspective: a qualitative study, the first congress of pain management with diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, 5-7August, 2015, Isfahan, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Moladoust A, Farzi F. Barriers to the use of complementary medicine in relieving pain nurses' perspective: a qualitative study, the first congress of pain management with diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, 5-7August, 2015, Isfahan, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Moladoust A, Sohrabi M. Nurses' Challenges in Reporting Nursing Errors: A Qualitative Study, Third Congress on Nursing Ethics 6-7 May, 2015, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Akbari Kaji M, Mahmoudzadeh Ardakani H,  Moghadasi J, Farzi S. Acupressure and Pain Relief Arthritis, Third Symposium on Complementary and Traditional Medicine, 19-21 November, 2014, Isfahan, IRAN.

 

  1. Akbari Kaji M, Mohammad Nejad M, Moghadasi J, Farzi S.  A review of the benefits and disadvantages of cupping. Third Symposium on Complementary and Traditional Medicine, 19-21 November, 2014, Isfahan, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S ,Moghadasi J, Farzi K, Farzi Kh, Farzi F, Moladoust A The stand of spirituality in cure. Third Symposium on Complementary and Traditional Medicine, 19-21 November, 2014, Isfahan, IRAN.

 

  1. Moladoust A, Farzi S, Shirazi M, Farzi S , Moladoust E , Darvishzadeh Boroujeni M, Farzi F. The stand of complementary medicine in insomnia. Third Symposium on Complementary and Traditional Medicine, 19-21 November, 2014, Isfahan, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Abedi H, Yazdannik AR, Farzi S A Survey of Nurses 'Awareness of Patients' Rights in One of the Isfahan Educational Centers, Second Congress on Nursing Ethics, 28- 29 May, 2014, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Yazdannik AR, Moladoust A, Farzi K, Sohrabi M. Nurses' Medication Error Reporting: A Qualitative Study. Second Congress on Nursing Ethics, 28- 29 May, 2014, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Moladoust A, Farzi S, Shafiei S, Moladoust E, Goudarzi A, Farzi K. Physical and mental health disorders psychiatric consequences, first Iranian psychological health congress, 13-15 May, 2014, Isfahan, IRAN.

 

  1. Shafiei S, Moladoust A, Farzi S, Salehi Sh, Adelmehraban M, Farzi S.  A Study of the readiness of one of the medical centers affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in disaster management, 6th International Congress on Health in Accidents and Disasters, February, 2014, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Mohammadi Khashui R,  Moladoust A, Ajoodaniyan N, Farzi Kh, Tavakol N. Knowledge of mothers with infants from breastfeeding in one of center affiliated to Isfahan University of medical sciences, Third National Nutrition and Neonatal Developmental Conference. 5-6 March, 2014, Mashhad, IRAN.

 

  1. Ajoodaniyan N, Farzi S, Namnabati M, Heidari J, Farzi S,  Moladoust A. Nutrition principles for premature infants from nurses' perspective on neonatal intensive care unit, Third National Nutrition and Neonatal Developmental Conference. 5-6 March, 2014, Mashhad, IRAN.

 

  1. Moladoust A, Abedi H, Farzi S, Adelmehraban M, Motaghi M, Farzi S, Farzi F. The role of nurses in the management of hospital wastes, second national conference of healthy society, 25-27 February, 2014, Khorramabad, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Abedi H, Ghodosi A, Yazdannik AR, Farzi S. Nurses Experiences on the Consequences of medication error in pediatric ward, Pediatrics' Nursing Conferences, 12 October, 2013, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Saki R, Farzi F, Moladoust A, Mohammadi Khashui R.  Pediatric Nurses' Perspectives on Preventive of medication errors. Pediatrics' Nursing Conferences, 12 October, 2013, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Abedi H, Ghodosi A, Yazdannik AR, Farzi S. Nurses' Perspectives on medication Error Reporting, First Congress on Nursing Ethics, 22 May, 2013, Tehran, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Farzi S, Mohammadi Khashui R, Farzi F. The causes of medication error in neonatal intensive care unit, Fifth Congress of Perinatology, 22 April, 2013, Shiraz, IRAN.

 

  1. Evaluation of knowledge of nursing staff of different shifts in surgical wards of hospitals in Isfahan from medical waste management, Provincial seminar of nursing, midwifery & operating room students, in the field. May 23, 2012, Isfahan, IRAN.

 

  1. Farzi S, Abedi H, Ghodosi A, Yazdannik AR. The causes of medication error of nurses. Provincial seminar of nursing, midwifery & operating room students, in the field. May 23, 2012, Isfahan, IRAN.

 

  1. Dalvand Sh, Farzi S, Tarhani S, Saki R. Surveying 'Mothers' Knowledge about Supplemental Nutrition in 6-12 Months Infant, Nutrition Congress for neonatal and pediatrics, 23-24 Jul, 2008, Mashhad, IRAN.

 

  1. Shams Khorramabad M, Farzi S, Samavati S, Abdolrasouli F. Surveying of 74 cases of seizure and its causes in newborns admitted to the Pediatrics' Hospital of Shahid Ayatollah Madani, Khorramabad, 6th Iranian Pediatric Neurological Congress, 13-15September, 2006, Tabriz, IRAN.

 

  

  1. Shams Khorramabad M, Farzi S, Samavati S. Surveying of 50 cases of seizure and its causes in newborns admitted to the Pediatrics' Hospital of Shahid Ayatollah Madani, Khorramabad 5th Iranian Pediatric Neurological Congress, 14-17 February, 2006, Zahedan, IRAN. 

     

Research Interests :

Teaching Experience :

Teaching Interests :